Abstract This chapter discusses traditional and new rootstock cultivars of peach, and their potential for solving some of the specific soil and site problems that peach growers are experiencing worldwide. Selection criteria (graft compatibility, ease of sexual or asexual propagation, resistance to abiotic stresses, resistance to soil pests and diseases, increased yield and fruit quality, and tree size control and anchorage), horticultural characteristics, and breeding programmes for these rootstocks are discussed.