Abstract Translanguaging was a relatively little-known concept 20 years ago, but has now become a ‘household name’ in academic contexts. The body of research on translanguaging is ever-growing and the concept covers a vast field from bilinguals’ everyday language use to a theory of language and education. By means of a scoping literature review this study focuses on translanguaging as a pedagogy within bilingual education and synthesises existing empirical research on the topic that was carried out between 1990 and 2020.