Simultaneous interpreting (SI) is a complex cognitive ability used to serve communication between speakers from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. It entails the oral transposition of a message from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL) while the message is being delivered. The interpreter therefore has to listen to the speaker and produce his/her own speech at the same time. Basic prerequisites to perform this task are: good general knowledge, excellent comprehension of and production in one or more foreign languages, as well as one’s own mother tongue. The present contribution aims at providing an insight into the cognitive and linguistic processes involved in the SI, in the light of the most updated neurolinguistic and cognitive-pragmatic models and findings.