The relationship between coleoptile length, depth of sowing and emergence of wheat was examined by measuring the emergence of ten semidwarf and standard varieties from four sowing depths under different soil conditions in two years. The coleoptile lengths of the same varieties were measured under dark, controlled-environment conditions. The emergence from deep sowings depended on the coleoptile length of the variety. When the depth of sowing exceeded the coleoptile length of each variety its emergence was drastically reduced. The semidwarf wheats had shorter coleoptiles than the standard varieties, so the depth at which their emergence was drastically reduced was shallower than for the standard varieties. As semidwarf varieties developed for the Victorian wheat growing areas would be 70 to 90 cm high, they would have emergence comparable to Olympic unless sown deeper than 11 to 14 cm under normal soil conditions, or deeper than 10 to 11 cm under hard compacted or crusted conditions. The importance of sowing all varieties, but particularly semidwarf varieties, at the recommended depths is emphasized. A very close association was found between mature plant height and coleoptile length within the semidwarf wheats studied (r = 0.90)