The paper presents the results of a study of cryogels based on an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The mechanical, thermophysical, and physicochemical properties of the obtained elastic samples were studied. It was found that the introduction of inorganic substances, a gas phase, or dispersed fillers in the form of sand, clay, or coal into the initial polymer solution affects the physicochemical properties of cryogels. By setting the initial concentration of the introduced components, it is possible to regulate the properties of the obtained materials (cryogels) in a wide range. The prospects of using cryogels filled with clay and sand as structural materials to strengthen the soil and combat soil erosion are indicated. The polymer matrix of the cryogel in the soil, on the one hand, is strong enough to withstand the effects of erosion processes, and on the other, it is flexible enough not to impede plant growth. Cryogel can be used as a binder for briquetting finely dispersed organic materials (coal, coke) for the purpose of their further utilization in the form of a combustible substance for industrial and domestic purposes. It is known that an effective way to reduce the thermal conductivity of materials is their gas saturation. Therefore, in order to improve the thermophysical properties of cryogels, a gas phase was introduced into homogeneous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and pencryogels were obtained from the resulting foam after a freeze-thaw cycle. Foam cryogels can be used as a heat-insulating material in the construction industry of the northern regions, as well as in the oil industry for thermal insulation of the mouth of production wells in order to prevent the precipitation of paraffin deposits in them.