
doi: 10.1063/1.4897751
A quasi-three-dimensional aerodynamic solver is integrated with a semi-analytical structural weight estimation method inside a multidisciplinary design optimization framework to design and optimize a winglet for a passenger aircraft. The winglet is optimized for minimum drag and minimum structural weight. The Pareto front between those two objective functions is found applying a genetic algorithm. The aircraft minimum take-off weight and the aircraft minimum direct operating cost are used to select the best winglets among those on the Pareto front.
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