Publisher Summary This chapter describes the biomass and the problems of ecology, agrochemistry, and energy. There are a number of possible applications of modern biomass—the major accumulator of solar energy on the Earth—as an additional fuel source. The introduction of achievements in bioenergetics into the national economy depends, first of all, on the solution of the tasks connected with intensification of organic material conversion to fuel and with large-scale production of biomass. Only intensive and fundamental research into the problem will enable a highly-efficient branch of the national economy to meet the requirements of scientific and technical progress that will be established. The solution of problems of bioenergetics depends on: the prospect for and development of highly-productive sources of biomass, for example, photosynthesis, production of woody biomass, and industrial cultivation of plants. Biomass is not only a source of future energy, but, is life on the Earth. However, biomass contribution to power engineering will vary depending on the biomass yield and productivity in each individual country.