Publisher Summary This chapter develops weed control research programs for upland rice to look for herbicides that are efficient and safe and that can be integrated with existing control methods. Upland rice is grown under a wide range of management intensities, varying from shifting cultivation—as in Malaysia—to highly mechanized systems, as in Brazil. It provides information on the weed flora of the world's upland rice that is useful for describing the ecology and habitat of weeds and for planning appropriate weed control. Upland rice grows under varying edaphic and climatic situations in India. The chapter focuses on distribution pattern of weeds in upland rice. Weed distribution in upland rice is influenced by several environmental and management factors. The type and number of weeds growing with preceding crops, weeding treatments, and soil moisture content before and after crop establishment determined the weed flora. The chapter discusses several weed control methods in upland rice—such as, cultural control, mechanical weed control, and biological weed control.