AbstractThe development of perennial crops through breeding would help deal with the multiple issues involving environmental conservation and food security in a world of shrinking resources. Perennial wheat offers a new solution to the long-standing problems of soil erosion and degradation associated with conventional annual small-grain cropping systems. This paper presents morphological characteristics and cytogenetics analysis of perennial wheat that from crosses between octoploid trititrigia and Thinopyrum intermedium, introduces the important role of perennial wheat at the development of sustainable agriculture system as well as discusses the significant utilization of perennial wheat in ecological benefits.