Let $G$ be a group and let $A$ be a finite-dimensional vector space over an arbitrary field $K$. We study finiteness properties of linear subshifts $Σ\subset A^G$ and the dynamical behavior of linear cellular automata $τ\colon Σ\to Σ$. We say that $G$ is of $K$-linear Markov type if, for every finite-dimensional vector space $A$ over $K$, all linear subshifts $Σ\subset A^G$ are of finite type. We show that $G$ is of $K$-linear Markov type if and only if the group algebra $K[G]$ is one-sided Noetherian. We prove that a linear cellular automaton $τ$ is nilpotent if and only if its limit set, i.e., the intersection of the images of its iterates, reduces to the zero configuration. If $G$ is infinite, finitely generated, and $Σ$ is topologically mixing, we show that $τ$ is nilpotent if and only if its limit set is finite-dimensional. A new characterization of the limit set of $τ$ in terms of pre-injectivity is also obtained.

In this new version, we have corrected a few typos and some arguments