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Journal of Archaeological Science Reports
Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Journal of Archaeological Science Reports
Article
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Quantifying variability in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios within the skeletons of marine mammals of the suborder Caniformia

Authors: Casey T. Clark; Lara Horstmann; Nicole Misarti;

Quantifying variability in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios within the skeletons of marine mammals of the suborder Caniformia

Abstract

Abstract Stable isotope ratios of bone collagen are commonly used to investigate foraging and movement of human and animal populations. This technique is especially valuable for archaeological and paleoecological applications, as bones are among the few tissues that are commonly preserved in archaeological and assemblages. Selection of skeletal elements for stable isotope analysis is typically driven by sample sizes and convenience, with the assumption that each bone is equally likely to be representative of the entire skeleton. This study investigated the degree of variability in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) within the skeletons of individual marine mammals to determine whether any systematic differences in δ 13 C and δ 15 N exist among skeletal elements. We measured δ 13 C and δ 15 N in paired crania and mandibles from 11 Pacific walruses ( Odobenus rosmarus divergens ), as well as representative elements from the skeletons of three marine mammals: an adult ringed seal ( Pusa hispida , n = 10), a juvenile seal of the genus Phoca ( Phoca sp., n = 9), and an adult sea otter ( Enhydra lutris , n = 8). Differences among the walrus cranium/mandible pairs were not significant, mostly falling within analytical error. Variability across the skeletons of the seals and sea otter was greater, exceeding 1.0‰ in some cases. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated systematic differences within all three skeletons, with the distal appendicular bones (metatarsal, phalanx, calcaneus) separating from the rest of the skeleton in the two seals, and the scapula and vertebra distinct from all other bones in the sea otter. Removing these bones from analysis greatly reduced overall variability in all three animals. Further study is required to determine whether the patterns observed in this study are consistent across individuals and taxa as sample sizes increase.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
18
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid