Abstract This paper summarizes information on the role of silcrete rocks as raw material in Uruguayan Prehistory. The spatial distribution of sources, the procurement strategies and projectile point technology are discussed. We present a lithic database for Northern, Central and Southern Uruguay, especially from the Los Indios archaeological site (Department of Rocha) in the Eastern lowlands, to illustrate the use of silcrete in lithic bifacial technology, particularly in the production of projectile points. In this paper, thin-sections of archaeological materials from the early and middle levels (between ca 3.5 ky and ca 7.0 ky BP) from Los Indios site were also examined, as well as geological samples from potential quarries in the Departments of Soriano and Flores. Finally, the paper discusses the different strategies used to obtain and transport lithic raw materials from distant quarries in Central and Northwestern Uruguay to the Atlantic coast.