
It is known that the zeros of orthogonal polynomials of successive degrees interlace on the interval of orthogonality. This paper investigates ultraspherical polynomials \(C_n^{(\lambda)}\) orthogonal with respect to the weight function \((1-x^2)^{\lambda-1/2}\) on the interval \([-1,1]\). For \(\lambda>-1/2\) the polynomial \(C_n^{(\lambda)}\) of degree \(n\) is orthogonal to all polynomials of lower degree and has all its zeros in \([-1,1]\). For \(-3/2<\lambda<-1/2\), the two extreme zeros leave the interval. Then \(C_n^{(\lambda)}\) is quasi-orthogonal of order two, i.e., it is only orthogonal to all polynomials of degree \(n-3\) w.r.t.\ \((1-x^2)^{\lambda+1/2}\). See [\textit{C. Brezinski} et al., Appl. Numer. Math. 48, No. 2, 157--168 (2004; Zbl 1047.33002)] where also some interlacing property is proved. This paper complements these interlacing results by proving interlacing for the zeros of the pairs \(C_n^{(\lambda)}\) and \(C_{m}^{(\lambda+k)}\), for \(k=0,1,2\) and \(n-m<3\).
Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), ultraspherical polynomials, Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable, interlacing, zeros, quasi orthogonality, Real polynomials: location of zeros
Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), ultraspherical polynomials, Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable, interlacing, zeros, quasi orthogonality, Real polynomials: location of zeros
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