Grapevines are one of the more unique plants in terms of anatomy, morphology, and ontogeny. Coverage begins with the primary and secondary tissues of both young and old portions of the root and shoot systems, the foliage, tendrils, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed. Physiological coverage includes: root water and nutrient uptake; nutrient storage and transport; mycorrhizal involvement; photosynthetic and other light-activated processes, such as inflorescence induction; carbohydrate production and its seasonal movement throughout the plant; pollination; fertilization and its genetic control; chemical changes during berry maturation and the influences of cultural and climatic influences on its progress.