Although still in its initial phases, archaeobotanical research at Old Mobile has much to contribute toward our understanding of cultural dynamics on the Gulf Coast frontier. Results so far obtained suggest that staple crops were both imported and locally produced and included species native to the Old World (such as fava beans) as well as the New World (e.g., maize and common beans). Archaeobotanical assemblages from different structures at Old Mobile reveal variability in conditions affecting preservation, but may also reflect socioeconomic status and ethnicity of the occupants. The hypothesis that Indian women sharing households with European men acted as agents of “dietary acculturation” deserves further consideration.