
doi: 10.1007/bf02613140
Let \((X_ 1,Y_ 1),...,(X_ n,Y_ n)\) be independent and identically distributed random vectors. Denote by \(Y_{[i:n]}\) the Y-variate corresponding to the ith order statistic \(X_{i:n}\) of \(X_ 1,...,X_ n\). In this paper statistics of the form \[ T_ n=n^{- 1}\sum^{n}_{i=1}J(i/n)h(X_{i:n},Y_{[i:n]}) \] are considered. The function J: (0,1)\(\to {\mathbb{R}}\) is bounded and smooth, h is some real- valued function of two arguments. The quantities \(Y_{[i:n]}\) are called the concomitants of \(X_{i:n}\). One may also write \[ T_ n=T(F_ n)=\int^{\infty}_{-\infty}\int^{\infty}_{-\infty}J(F_ n(x))h(x,y)dF_ n(x,y), \] where \(F_ n\) denotes the empirical distribution function. The author establishes in this paper the asymptotic normality of \(n^{1/2}(T(F_ n)-T(F))\), using the concept of a stochastic Gateaux differential as his main tool. In certain applications random variables are assumed to be collected from a finite population, according to some sampling design. A finite population of size N is a collection of N units which are labelled from 1 to N. The population is identified with a set of labels \(U=\{1,2,...,N\}\). A sequence of populations \(U_ t=\{1,2,...,N_ t\}\) such that \(N_ t\to \infty\) as \(t\to \infty\) is considered. For fixed t with the jth unit, \(j\in U_ t\), some vector \((X_ j,Y_ j)\) is associated, which can be viewed as a result of measuring unit j. A sample is a subset of \(U_ t\). For fixed t and fixed sample size \(n_ t\) the sample may be defined as the set \(s_ t=\{j_ i,...,j_{n_ t}|\) \(j_ i\in U_ t\}\). A sampling experiment will give a sample \(s_ t\) according to a probability distribution \(P(s_ t)\), \(s_ t\subset U_ t\). The sampling plan is specified in terms of probability distributions \(P(s_ t)\), \(s_ t\subset U_ t\). Note that the size of the sample \(s_ t\) is denoted by \(n_ t.\) The author establishes in this finite population set up the asymptotic normality of \(n_ t^{1/2}(T(F^*_{n_ t})-T(F_{N_ t}))\), where \(F^*_{N_ t}\) denotes a suitable weighted empirical distribution function and \(F_{N_ t}^ a \)finite population distribution function. An application in which income inequality in a finite poulation must be estimated, using a sampling design of a certain type, is also briefly discussed.
Asymptotic distribution theory in statistics, asymptotic normality, empirical distribution, weighted empirical distribution, finite population, Article, auxiliary model approach, stochastic Gateaux differential, 510.mathematics, L-statistics, Sampling theory, sample surveys, sampling design, Order statistics; empirical distribution functions, linear functions of concomitants of order statistics, income inequality
Asymptotic distribution theory in statistics, asymptotic normality, empirical distribution, weighted empirical distribution, finite population, Article, auxiliary model approach, stochastic Gateaux differential, 510.mathematics, L-statistics, Sampling theory, sample surveys, sampling design, Order statistics; empirical distribution functions, linear functions of concomitants of order statistics, income inequality
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 8 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
