Botswana has one of the largest reserves of wild antelopes in the world. The economy of Botswana and the livelihood of its people are dependent to a large degree upon cattle production, and to a lesser degree upon sheep, goats and game animals. Field studies in Botswana have indicated a severe degree of parasitic infestation in cattle, sheep and goats under semi-arid and drought conditions. Contrary to findings in other countries, many cattle in Botswana do not develop or maintain strong a resistance to helminthiasis. Helminthiasis in wild ruminants does not appear to be a severe herd problem, although individual animals under conditions of stress can be severely parasitized. Although transmission of some parasites from wild ruminants to domestic livestock and vice versa may occur it is unlikely that the wildlife species contribute to helminthiases in domestic livestock.