No-till farming is a form of conservation tillage in which crops are seeded directly into the soil through previous crop residues, most commonly managing weeds using broad-spectrum herbicides and increasingly, transgenic herbicide-resistant crop varieties. Today, nearly a quarter of US cropland is farmed using no-tillage methods, a phenomenon which has been repeatedly described as one of the greatest agricultural revolutions of modern times. No-till advocates promote this method for its ability to reduce soil erosion, sequester soil carbon, reduce agricultural runoff, and improve farmland wildlife habitat, all while maintaining or even improving crop yields. Problems of water quality and contamination, as well as newly emerging problems associated with herbicide-resistant weeds, however, exist for no-till. This article reviews current literature on specific problems related to no-till agriculture, including soil and water impacts, soil carbon sequestration and ­greenhouse gases, and herbicide-resistant weeds; as well as the potential future of no-till farming and alternative no-till strategies that may address these problems.