The co-management of polar bears between scientists and the Inuit in Nunavut has been fraught with tension. This chapter explores the Inuit’s perspective by highlighting where the bear fits within Inuit cosmology and how it influences their relationships with the animal, with respect to hunting. Since 2005, environmentalists have tried to ban polar bear hunting on an international scale and to get the animal put on the list of species threatened with extinction. This has had a major impact on already fragile northern economies, as it discourages sport hunting, which many Inuit count on for needed income. After analyzing the data, it appears that sport hunting has positive effects on Inuit communities: it provides economic and material resources all throughout the year, but also allows for the reaffirmation of Inuit identity and the transmission of Inuit knowledge to younger generations.