Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of a climate change adaptation strategy. In coastal Bangladesh, EbA is implemented to enhance the resilience of coastal agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and settlements against the impacts of both climatic and non-climatic stressors. This chapter discusses the current status and challenges of EbA adoption in coastal Bangladesh. First it presents a succinct review of the climate change impacts which motivate EbA adoption. It then describes major types of EbA, which are linked to cropping practices, soil and nutrient management, water management, erosion control, and food and livelihood security. Finally, it proposes integrated institutional approaches to bolster EbA’s potential. Existing EbA strategies should conform to scientific knowledge, which would help improve community resilience and ecosystem health.