How have teachers structured lessons? How have they attempted to assess student learning? What similarities and differences in methods of teaching existed in various times and places? This chapter introduces readers to changes in teaching practices over time and to the diverse range of past teaching practices. Examples are provided of practices intended to foster the acquisition of knowledge from presentations or through experience, to rehearse and reinforce knowledge through oral and written daily work, and to assess knowledge via periodic examinations. This sampling of practices encourages readers to further research this area of the history of mathematics education.