The Cucurbitaceae family is widely recognized for their highly diverse sexual systems. Due to this variability and the agricultural importance of some of its members, cucurbits have been used as a plant model for understanding sex determination in the kingdom. Several studies in important members of this family such as melon and cucumber, have supplemented plant biologists with meaningful findings regarding the main factors influencing flower sexuality. Sex determination and the evolution of sexual systems comprise different factors, ranging from genetic components involved in ethylene biosynthesis to transcription regulators and epigenetic processes.