Abstract BACKGROUND Due to the increasing presence of insecticide resistance across cereal aphid populations, new aphid management strategies, including the engineering of host resistance to aphids into commercial wheat varieties, are required. Previous studies have identified ancestor wheat, Triticum monococcum accessions MDR045 and MDR049, with resistance against the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae . To test the hypothesis that resistance can be accounted for by antixenosis (reduced attractiveness of host plants) via the release of repellent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we explored the response of S. avenae to MDR045 and MDR049 following S. avenae herbivory, using behaviour and electrophysiology experiments. RESULTS In four‐arm olfactometry assays, alate S. avenae showed aphid density‐dependent reduced preference to VOC extracts from T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. By contrast, alate S. avenae showed aphid density‐dependent increased preference to extracts from aphid‐susceptible hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037. Coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennography (GC‐EAG), using the antennae of alate S. avenae , located 24 electrophysiologically active compounds across all tested accessions. Synthetic blends created from 21 identified EAG‐active compounds confirmed bioactivity of corresponding VOC extracts in four‐arm olfactometry assays against alate S. avenae . CONCLUSION Our data suggest that resistance of T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049 to S. avenae can be at least partially accounted for by antixenosis through antennal perception of specific repellent VOC blends induced by S. avenae feeding behaviour. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.