AbstractLittle research exists on short‐term legacy effects of feedlot manure application on soil mesofauna. This long‐term (since 1998) study was on an irrigated clay loam soil in southern Alberta cropped to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). We sampled the soil 3–4 yr (2017–2018) into the legacy period following 17 annual manure applications (1998–2014). The selected treatments sampled were stockpiled feedlot manure containing straw bedding applied at 0, 13, 39, and 77 Mg ha−1 (dry wt.). Intact soil cores were taken at three depth intervals (0–3, 3–6, and 6–9 cm) in the fall over 2 yr to determine the densities of Acari (mites) suborders and Collembola (springtails) families. Significant (P ≤ .05) application rate effects occurred on Oribatida and Astigmata after 3 yr (but not after 4 yr) into the legacy phase, whereas Prostigmata were unaffected. Densities of Astigmata after 3 yr were 3.2‐ to 4.1‐fold greater at the 77 Mg ha−1 rate compared with three lower rates. Significant application rate effects occurred on Entomobryidae, Isotomidae, and Onychiuridae after 4 yr (but not after 3 yr), with no treatment effects on Neelidae. Densities of mesofauna were generally greater at higher than at lower rates, except for Entomobryidae in 2018, where the reverse trend occurred. Significant application rate effects were attributed to lower soil bulk density and greater volumetric soil water content and soil organic carbon. Therefore, legacy effects of feedlot manure application generally persisted on soil mesofauna 3–4 yr into the legacy phase but depended on mesofauna type, year, and depth.