AbstractSatsuma (Citrus unshiuMarc.) is rich in high levels of nutrients and popular for its unique flavor, but the consumption of satsuma is limited by some adverse reactions in human body. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of storage temperature on the postharvest quality of satsumas, and little attention has paid to the effect of postharvest satsumas on human body immunoregulation. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in fruit quality, and the effect of satsuma fruits stored at different temperatures on human health. Satsumas stored at low temperature (5.8°C, LT) and room temperature (23 ± 2°C, RT) for 60 days were sampled every 10 days to measure the fruit quality. Sixty volunteers were recruited for the oral stimulation experiment of satsumas, and then the effect of satsumas on human health was examined through the immunoregulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compared with RT treatment, LT treatment could delay the degradation of satsuma fruit quality. Both the results of the volunteer experiment and cell experiment indicated that postharvest temperature treatments could reduce the adverse effects of satsuma fruits on human body. These findings indicated that 10‐day storage at room temperature plus subsequent storage at low temperature was the optimal treatment to maintain fruit quality and functional components of postharvest satsumas. This study provides useful information on satsuma consumption and research work from the perspective of immunoregulation evaluation.