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Mapping lightning in the sky with a mini array

Authors: Martin Füllekrug; Zhongjian Liu; Kuang Koh; Andrew Mezentsev; Stéphane Pedeboy; Serge Soula; Sven‐Erik Enno; +2 Authors

Mapping lightning in the sky with a mini array

Abstract

AbstractMini arrays are commonly used for infrasonic and seismic studies. Here we report for the first time the detection and mapping of distant lightning discharges in the sky with a mini array. The array has a baseline to wavelength ratio ∼4.2·10−2 to record very low frequency electromagnetic waves from 2 to 18 kHz. It is found that the mini array detects ∼69 lightning pulses per second from cloud‐to‐ground and in‐cloud discharges, even though the parent thunderstorms are ∼900–1100 km away and a rigorous selection criterion based on the quality of the wavefront across the array is used. In particular, lightning pulses that exhibit a clockwise phase progression are found at larger elevation angles in the sky as the result of a birefringent subionospheric wave propagation attributed to ordinary and extraordinary waves. These results imply that long range lightning detection networks might benefit from an exploration of the wave propagation conditions with mini arrays.

Countries
United Kingdom, France
Keywords

array analysis, atmospheric and space electricity, FOS: Physical sciences, wave propagation, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1908; name=Geophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, lightning discharges, Physics - Space Physics, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, electromagnetic noise and interference, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1900; name=General Earth and Planetary Sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Average
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold