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Сравнение двух методов расчета смыва почвы на водосборах с применением ГИС-технологий

Сравнение двух методов расчета смыва почвы на водосборах с применением ГИС-технологий

Abstract

При оценке процессов водной эрозии, которая необходима для разработки проектов адаптивно-ландшафтных систем земледелия, в мире используют эмпирические и физически обоснованные модели или эмпирические, физически обоснованные и концептуальные модели. В России модель для вычисления смыва почвы не утверждена, а их сопоставление не проводили. В статье приведена сравнительная оценка расчетов эрозионной опасности земель по Универсальному уравнению потери почв (УУПП) и по формуле, предложенной в «Методических указаниях по проектированию противоэрозионной организации территории...» с использованием геоинформационной программы ArcGIS. Она показала расхождения при наложении построенных картограмм среднегодового модуля потерь почвы и потенциального смыва от стока талых вод (ливневых дождей). Разница на землях подверженных незначительной эрозионной опасности составила 14,1 % от площади сельскохозяйственных угодий. На землях подверженных слабой, средней, сильной и очень сильной эрозионной опасности расчеты, выполненные по формуле УУПП, превышают величины, полученные по формуле из «Методических указаний.», на 10 % от площади сельскохозяйственных угодий. Эти различия необходимо учитывать при проектировании линейных рубежей.

In assessing the processes of water erosion in the world use the empirical and physically based models or empirical, physically based and conceptual models. Such assessment is essential for the development of projects of adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture. But Russian scientists have not approved the model to calculate soil erosion, and there is no comparison of these models. The article provides is a comparative assessment of soil erosion calculations, calculated on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) [2] and the formula proposed in [1] using the program ArcGIS. She showed discrepancies when applied constructed cartograms average loss modulus of the soil and the potential runoff of melt water runoff (heavy rains). The difference in the lands subject to an insignificant risk of erosion was 14.1% of the agricultural land. On the lands subject to weak, medium, strong and very strong risk of erosion calculations performed by the formula USLE, higher than the data obtained by the formula [1] on 10% of the agricultural land. These differences must be considered when designing a linear boundaries.

Keywords

ПРОТИВОЭРОЗИОННАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ, АДАПТИВНО-ЛАНДШАФТНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ, МОДУЛЬ ПОТЕРЬ ПОЧВЫ (УУПП), ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫЙ СМЫВ ОТ СТОКА ТАЛЫХ ВОД (ЛИВНЕВЫХ ДОЖДЕЙ), КЛАССЫ ЭРОЗИОННОЙ ОПАСНОСТИ, ЦИФРОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РЕЛЬЕФА, THE POTENTIAL EROSION OF MELT WATER RUNOFF (HEAVY FALL OF RAIN)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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