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Формирование учения о почвах и их плодородии, исторический опыт классификации почв

Формирование учения о почвах и их плодородии, исторический опыт классификации почв

Abstract

The roots of scientific knowledge on soil go into antiquity and are connected with the development of land management. A human had knowledge about soil as a friable layer of Earth, which was a subject o land management treatment until the time there were occurred the problems of shortage of arable lands, hunger and decrease of fertility, which caused the necessity of obtaining of more produce with less arable lands. The development of soil science was required for solving of these practical tasks. In post-war period there were carried out the large researches in the field of plant nutrition and application of fertilizers. For this period the active study of organic properties of soil occurred. The Dokuchaev’s study on genetic types of soil was the tuning point in the development of problems of soil classification. The further development of problems of soil classification were made on the basis of set genetic positions, thus the various approaches lighting the different parties of a classification problem took place. The soil fertility in force of its important functions for a long time is not only as an agronomic category but also as a social, economic, philosophic, and at the last time -ecological one. The modern understanding of function of fertility is reached with the help of mathematical modeling. First, it is necessary clearly to present the aggregate factors of fertility and their interaction between them and external factors

Корни научных знаний о почве уходят в глубокую древность и связаны с развитием земледелия. Человек имел представление о почве как рыхлом слое Земли, который является предметом земледельческой обработки, до тех пор, пока не возникли проблемы малоземелья, голода и снижения плодородия, вызвавшие необходимость получения большей продукции с меньшей площади. Для решения этих практических задач потребовалось развитие науки о почве. В послевоенный период были проведены крупные исследования в области питания растений и применения удобрений. В этот период шло активное изучение органических веществ почв. Поворотным пунктом в развитии проблемы классификации почв стало докучаевское учение о генетических типах почв. Дальнейшее развитие проблемы классификации почв осуществлялось на основе заложенных генетических позиций, при этом имели место различные подходы, освещавшие разные стороны классификационной проблемы. Плодородие почв в силу своих жизненно важных функций издревле выступает не только как агрономическая категория, но и как социальная, экономическая, философская, а в последнее время как экологическая. Современное осмысление функции плодородия почв достигается с помощью математического моделирования. Для этого необходимо, прежде всего, отчетливо представлять совокупность факторов плодородия и их взаимодействие между собой и внешними факторами

Keywords

УЧЕНИЯ О ПОЧВАХ,КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ПОЧВ,ПЛОДОРОДИЕ ПОЧВ,ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ,ДОКУЧАЕВСКОЕ ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ,SOIL STUDIES,CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS,SOIL FERTILITY,GENETIC SOIL SCIENCE,DOKUCHAEV'S SOIL SCIENCE

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold