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Психологические различия интеллектуальной и эмоциональной сфер девочек и мальчиков старшего дошкольного возраста

Психологические различия интеллектуальной и эмоциональной сфер девочек и мальчиков старшего дошкольного возраста

Abstract

Preschool age is a period of improvement, personal development, which is characterized by individual features. The importance of the study of age-related characteristics of the emotional sphere of children is determined by the fact that there is a close relationship between emotional and intellectual development. It has been noted that violations in emotional development of preschool children lead to inability of use of other abilities, in particular intelligence, for further development. As a working hypothesis of the study we have taken a provision that boys and girls at senior preschool age had differences in intellectual, emotional and volitional development. The study included 300 preschool children aged 6-7 years in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. A mandatory condition for inclusion in the survey was a voluntary written informed consent of the child's legal representatives. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage with the help of the psycho-diagnostic techniques, there were assessed the levels of verbal and social intelligence. In the second phase, there were studied the emotional and volitional spheres of the boys and girls. Statistical processing of the data included a comparative analysis of the average group indices, for statistical significance assessment, there was used the t-student test for unrelated samples. It has been found that verbal intelligence of the senior preschool girls in the sphere of associative thinking was higher than in the boys (p = 0.027), and the amount of vocabulary at the beginning of the girls schooling was much bigger. The boys were more aggressive than the girls (p < 0.001), but the girls were more anxious (p = 0.027). In addition, the senior preschool boys had higher arbitrariness of verbal communication than the girls (p < 0.001), they were more intellectually productive in situations of positive emotional reinforcement (p < 0.001). This factor must be considered in the process of training of preschool children, especially in evaluation of their intellectual activity.

Дошкольный возраст это период совершенствования, развития личности, который характеризуется индивидуальными особенностями. Важность изучения возрастных особенностей эмоциональной сферы детей определяется наличием тесной связи эмоционального и интеллектуального развития. Отмечено, что нарушения в эмоциональном развитии ребенка дошкольного возраста ведут к тому, что ребенок не может использовать другие способности, в частности интеллект, для дальнейшего развития. В качестве рабочей гипотезы исследования было принято положение, что мальчики и девочки старшего дошкольного возраста будут иметь различия в развитии интеллектуальной и эмоционально-волевой сферах. В исследовании приняли участие 300 детей в возрасте 6-7 лет в городе Москве и Московской области. Исследование проводилось в два этапа. На первом с помощью психодиагностических методик оценивались уровни вербального и социального интеллекта детей. На втором изучалась эмоционально-волевая сфера мальчиков и девочек. Статистическая обработка данных включала сравнительный анализ среднегрупповых показателей, для оценки статистической значимости использовался t-критерий Стьюдента для несвязанных выборок. Установлено, что вербальный интеллект девочек старшего дошкольного возраста в сфере ассоциативного мышления выше, чем у мальчиков (p = 0,027), и объем словарного запаса у девочек к началу школьного обучения гораздо больше. Мальчики более агрессивны, чем девочки (p < 0,001), однако девочки более тревожны (p = 0,027). Кроме того, у мальчиков старшего дошкольного возраста выше произвольность речевого общения по сравнению с девочками (p < 0,001), они более интеллектуально продуктивны в ситуациях положительного эмоционального подкрепления (p < 0,001). Данный фактор необходимо учитывать в процессе обучения дошкольников, особенно при оценке их интеллектуальной деятельности.

Keywords

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РАЗЛИЧИЯ,ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СФЕРА,ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СФЕРА,ДОШКОЛЬНЫЙ ВОЗРАСТ,PSYCHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES,INTELLECTUAL SPHERE,EMOTIONAL SPHERE,PRESCHOOL AGE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold