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Агролесомелиоративные мероприятия для сохранения плодородия почв юга Сибири и их рационального использования

Агролесомелиоративные мероприятия для сохранения плодородия почв юга Сибири и их рационального использования

Abstract

A new scheme of sylvicultural reclamation regionalization of the south of Central Siberia is developed. It includes a forest steppe zone with Krasnoyarsk, Tuva and Khakassia sub zones, steppe one with Tuva sub zone and dry steppe one with Tuva and Khakassia sub zones. To select other taxonomic units (districts) is inappropriate, since every features of creation of shelterbelt forest, which are possible at present and are proposed to implement, you can realize in zones and subzones. Priority application should have a drill way of shelterbelt forest creation, which features simplicity and possibility to mechanized soil preparation and plantation care with serially manufactured machines and equipment. In dry steppe and steppe sylvicultural reclamation zones it is reasonable to create single species double row belts with row spacing 6...8 m and tree number up to 1000 units/ha. In a more favourable forest steppe zone you can create 2 3 row in line field protective single species forest belts with row spacing 3 m and tree number up to 1.5...2 thou units/ ha. Introduction of shrubs to field protective forest belts in arid zone on the windward side is impractical, due to the heavy water regime. It is reasonable to create massive protective forest plantations on unsuitable for agriculture land under condition of critical shortage of moisture as belts 50...200 m width, alternating with belts of herbaceous plants. The optimal distance between protective forest belts in the dry steppe zone using Siberian larch is 210...240 m, in the steppe one 270...300 m, in forest steppe one 330...360 m. For drooping birch these values are 180...200, 210...240 and 270...300 m, for Siberian elm 150...210, 210...270 and 240...270 m.

Разработана новая схема агролесомелиоративного районирования юга Средней Сибири. Она включает лесостепную зону с Красноярской, тувинской и Хакасской подзонами, степную с тувинской подзоной и сухостепную с тувинской и Хакасской подзонами. Выделение других таксономических единиц (округов) нецелесообразно, поскольку все возможные сегодня и предлагаемые для реализации мероприятия по созданию защитных лесных насаждений можно реализовать в зонах и подзонах. Преимущественное применение должен иметь рядовой способ создания защитных лесных полос, который отличается простотой и возможностью механизированной подготовки почвы и ухода за насаждениями серийно выпускаемыми машинами и орудиями. В сухостепной и степной агролесомелиоративныхзонах целесообразно создание однопородных двурядных полос с между рядьем 6...8 м и числом деревьев до 1 тыс./га. В более благоприятной лесостепной можно создавать 2...3 рядные полезащитные однопородные лесные полосы с между рядьями 3 м и числом деревьев до 1,5...2 тыс./га. Введение в поле защитные лесные полосы в аридной зоне кустарников с наветренной стороны нецелесообразно из за напряженного водного режима. Массивные защитные лесные насаждения на непригодных для использования в сельскохозяйственном производстве землях в условиях острого недостатка влаги целесообразно создавать по лосами шириной 50...200 м, чередующимися с полосами травянистой растительности. Оптимальное расстояние между защитными лесополосами в сухостепной зоне при использовании лиственницы сибирской со ставляет 210...240 м, в степной 270...300 м и в лесостепной 330...360 м; березы повислой 180...200,210...240 и 270...300 м; вяза приземистого 150...210, 210...270 и 240...270 м.

Keywords

АРИДНАЯ ЗОНА, АГРОЛЕСОМЕЛИОРАТИВНОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ, ЗАЩИТНЫЕ ЛЕСНЫЕ НАСАЖДЕНИЯ, ПОРОДНЫЙ СОСТАВ, СПОСОБЫ СОЗДАНИЯ

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    popularity
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold