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Оптимизация процесса сбраживания отходов животноводства при использовании метаногенерирующей микробной ассоциации

Оптимизация процесса сбраживания отходов животноводства при использовании метаногенерирующей микробной ассоциации

Abstract

Известно, что с экологической точки зрения животноводческие и птицеводческие комплексы, загрязняя почву, воду, воздух, представляют для окружающей среды даже большую опасность, чем крупные промышленные предприятия. Получение различных видов биотоплива из разнообразных органических отходов позволяет решать как экологические задачи, так и энергетические проблемы на уровне региональных нужд с одновременным созданием безотходных агропромышленных схем. Значительное число промышленных установок для метанового брожения сосредоточены в странах Африки, Латинской Америки, Азии и Ближнего Востока. Большой интерес к получению биогаза из различных органических отходов проявляют также страны Западной Европы — Германия, Франция. Нами рассмотрен метод интенсификации непрерывного процесса получения биогаза за счет замещения исходной естественной микрофлоры навозного стока более эффективным микробным консорциумом метаногенерирующих бактерий. В основу примеров положены результаты экспериментов по сбраживанию навоза в термофильных условиях. Предложенный подход позволил рекомендовать для практического применения оптимизированную технологическую схему соединения метантенков, обеспечивающую ускорение процесса сбраживания и повышение выхода биогаза при переработке навозных стоков с использованием консорциума микроорганизмов ( Methanobacterium omelianskii, Methanococcus mazei, Corynebacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp. и Arthrobacter simplex ).

Animal and poultry farms are known to pollute soil, water and air, being even more dangerous for environment then the large industrials complexes. Production of biofuels from different organic wastes is obviously effective with respect to the environment problems and as a regional source of energy. It also stimulates the development of wastless chemes in agriculture and farm livestock. A significant number of industrial complexes for biomethan production are located in Africa, Latine America, Asia and the Near East. The countries in the Western Europe, in particular Germany and France, are also very interested in the biofuel produced from wastes. We considered the approach to intensification of non-stop biogase production by fermentation, using a succession of the natural microflora of manure with more effective microbial association of methan generating bacteria. The resultes of thermophilic fermentation of manure were used as an experimental base. This approach allows to recommend for practical use the optimazed technological cheme of methan tanks connection, which provides for the increased rate of fermentation and biogase output, when the manure wastes are used as a substrate for bacterial association of Methanobacterium omelianskii, Methanococcus mazei, Corynebacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter simplex.

Keywords

ЭКОЛОГИЯ, НАВОЗНЫЙ СТОК, АНАЭРОБНОЕ СБРАЖИВАНИЕ, БИОТОПЛИВО, БИОГАЗ, ЕСТЕСТВЕННАЯ МИКРОФЛОРА НАВОЗА, КОНСОРЦИУМ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РЕЖИМА, ЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ, МЕТАНТЕНКИ, ОПТИМАЛЬНАЯ СХЕМА СБРАЖИВАНИЯ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze