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Биоэнергетическая оценка эффективности севооборотов различных типов в условиях сухостепной зоны

Биоэнергетическая оценка эффективности севооборотов различных типов в условиях сухостепной зоны

Abstract

It is pointed out that with the transition to market economy the objective assessment of crop cultivation efficiency, usage of certain technology or the degree of payback can be made only by way of energy. The results of two-year studies on the effect of basic soil treatment on plants productivity in the system of crop-rotation are suggested in the article. The modes of basic soil cultivation, their influence on plants yielding in the system of crop rotation on chestnut soils in the eastern zones of Rostov region have been studied and their bioenergetic assessment has been made. It is shown that the energetic efficiency of crops is being enhanced in proportion to reduction of the aggregate energy consumption. Moreover, the highest indices have been observed with the grain-grass crop rotation for most crops grown under zero treatment, while in case of the grain-fallow-root crop rotation the moulboardless plowing was used. Under the conditions of arid steppes, on chestnut soils, the grain-grass crop rotation, including a great number of adapted high-productive crops, is preferable as to the bioenergetic effectiveness. It is ascertained that winter wheat sown on fallows is most efficient among winter crops; winter rye is the most advantageous crop in the line «non-fallow legume predecessor winter crops», no matter what type of cultivation was used. The low energy efficiency of annual legume crops, as well as ineffectiveness of using sunflower in crop rotations has been observed.

Представлены результаты двухлетних исследований по влиянию способов основной обработки на продуктивность культур севооборотов. Изучены способы основной обработки почв, их влияние на урожайность культур севооборотов на каштановых почвах восточной зоны Ростовской области, произведена их биоэнергетическая оценка. Показано, что энергетическая эффективность культур по мере снижения затрат совокупной энергии увеличивается, при этом самые высокие показатели наблюдались в зернотравяном севообороте у большинства культур при нулевой обработке, в зернопаропропашном севообороте при безотвальной вспашке. В условиях сухой степи на каштановых почвах преимущество по биоэнергетической эффективности имеет зернотравяной севооборот, насыщенный адаптивными высокопродуктивными культурами. Установлено, что эффективность озимой пшеницы по пару наибольшая среди озимых культур; в звене непаровой бобовый предшественник озимые преимущество при всех способах обработки имеет озимая рожь. Выявлена невысокая энергоэффективность однолетних бобовых культур, а также неэффективность использования в севооборотах подсолнечника.

Keywords

СПОСОБЫ ОБРАБОТКИ, БИОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, СЕВООБОРОТЫ, СУХАЯ СТЕПЬ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze