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Особенности технологии выращивания товарной рыбы в условиях Московской области (на примере ЗАО «Егорьевский рыбокомбинат «Цна»)

Особенности технологии выращивания товарной рыбы в условиях Московской области (на примере ЗАО «Егорьевский рыбокомбинат «Цна»)

Abstract

The analysis of the activity of JSC "Yegoryevsky Fish Factory "Tsna" from 1969 to 2014 is carried out. The commercial fish breeding in the fish factory is based on cultivation of carp. The carp larvae is produced by means of the factory method, which in the conditions of the Moscow region makes it possible to release the juvenile at earlier stages and extend the vegetative period of its growth. The larvae are kept in the incubation section during 3-4 days and then they are placed in the growing ponds of the I order. After the eggs expressing the producers are placed in summer-stock ponds, where they remain till the fall fishing. At the three-year turnover, taken in fish farming, the commodity carp reaches average weight 850 g, and in a total amount of the grown-up fish during the fall fishing the most part of fish has considerably smaller weight. The major factors constraining the production of commodity fish in economy are as follows: increase in the density of stocking of juvenile at a lack of water in the ponds, slowing down the fish growth rate; rise in price of fuels and lubricants, electric power, services in water supply and cost of forages for fish at a three-year turnover, resulting in increase in prime cost of fish. In the conditions of the increased competition the commodity three-year-olds weighing 600-850 g are not in demand for the consumer, and the production of such fish is unprofitable. Alongside the traditional ways of increase of efficiency of fish breeding and reduction of prime cost of the commodity carp (diversification of growing fish and modernization of the industrial sections), it is proposed to transfer 30-40 % of fish production to two-year turnover, that would result in stocking of some rearing ponds with grown-up larvae, getting large stocking material (80-100 g) and using sparsely populated density of stocking with the required fish assortment during the fall fishing. The opportunities of effective use of the ponds of the fish farm are also expanded with the combination of the traditional technologies of fish breeding with commercial recreational fishery.

Проведен анализ деятельности ЗАО «Егорьевский рыбокомбинат «Цна» с 1969 по 2014 г. Товарное рыбоводство на рыбокомбинате базируется в основном на выращивании карпа. Получение личинок карпа проводится заводским способом, который в условиях Московской области позволяет выводить молодь в более ранние сроки и удлинять вегетационный период ее роста. Личинки выдерживаются в инкубационном цехе в течение 3-4 дней, а затем пересаживаются в выростные пруды I порядка. Производители сразу же после взятия икры отсаживаются в летне-маточные пруды, где содержатся до осеннего облова. При принятом в хозяйстве трехлетнем обороте товарный карп достигает средней массы 850 г, а в общем объеме выращенной рыбы при облове осенью большинство рыб имеют значительно меньшую массу. Основными факторами, сдерживающими производство товарной рыбы в хозяйстве, являются: увеличение плотности посадки молоди рыб при недостатке воды в прудах, замедляющее темп роста рыбы; удорожание горюче-смазочных материалов, электроэнергии, услуг по водоснабжению и стоимости кормов для рыбы при трехлетнем обороте, ведущее к повышению себестоимости рыбы. В условиях возросшей конкуренции товарные трехлетки массой 600-850 г не пользуется спросом у потребителя, и производство такой рыбы нерентабельно. Наряду с традиционными способами повышения эффективности рыбоводства и снижения себестоимости товарного карпа (расширение ассортимента выращиваемой рыбы и модернизация производственных площадей) предложено использовать перевод 30-40 % производства рыбы на двухлетний оборот, что предполагает зарыбление части выростных прудов подрощенной личинкой, получение крупного посадочного материала (80-100 г) и использование разреженной плотности посадки с обязательной сортировкой рыбы при осеннем облове. Возможности эффективного использования прудового фонда рыбокомбината расширяет также комбинация традиционных технологий рыбоводства с платным рекреационным рыболовством.

Keywords

ПОЛНОСИСТЕМНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО,ТРЕХЛЕТНИЙ ОБОРОТ,ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ,РЕКРЕАЦИОННОЕ РЫБОЛОВСТВО,FULL-SYSTEM FARM,THREE-YEAR TURNOVER,EFFECTIVE USE,RECREATIONAL FISHERY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold