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The Study of the Moral Sphere and Characteristics of Relationships with Preschoolers’ parents

Authors: K. D. Katkalo; R. R. Muslumov;

The Study of the Moral Sphere and Characteristics of Relationships with Preschoolers’ parents

Abstract

The article analyzes the issue of the significance of the family education features in the context of the moral sphere formation regarding older preschoolers. The hypotheses was formulated on the existence of a relationship between violations in the styles of family education and indicators of the cognitive and emotional components of the moral sphere of older preschoolers. The study involved theoretical and empirical methods. The first includes the study and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, the second includes psycho-diagnostic tools: parental diagnostics using the “Family Relationship Analysis” methodology (Eidemiller E.G., Yustitskis V.V.), diagnostics of the components of the moral sphere of older preschool children by the methodology “Story pictures” (RR Kalinina), as well as an expert survey of teachers. The study made it possible to verify that the characteristics of the moral sphere of the personality of older preschoolers are due to the characteristics of the relationships in their families. Thus, rejection of the child, hypo protection, or lack of attention from the parents, the lack of responsibilities in the child has a negative effect on the development of the moral sphere of older preschoolers, especially on the characteristics of cognitive and emotional components. It turned out that more than a third of children have a low level of development of the emotional component of the moral sphere (low level of empathy development). The most common types of inharmonious education are the “minimum sanctions” and the “insufficiency of requirements-prohibitions”. An expert survey showed that such qualities as politeness, honesty and generosity are most pronounced in the behavior of children, whereas the least developed are tolerance, hard work, compassion. A gap was found between the assimilation of moral standards and their expression in the behavior of older preschoolers. The study shows the need for psychological and pedagogical support of parents in building relationships with older preschool children, as well as deepening and expanding the emotional competence and culture of parents in the field of moral development of the child.

В статье проанализированы вопросы значения особенностей семейного воспитания в контексте формирования нравственной сферы старших дошкольников. Была сформулирована гипотеза о существовании связи между нарушениями в стилях семейного воспитания и показателями когнитивного и эмоционального компонентов нравственной сферы старших дошкольников. В ходе исследования применялись теоретические и эмпи­рические методы. К первым относится изучение и анализ психолого-­педагогической литературы по проблеме исследования, ко вторым — психодиагностические инструменты: диагностика родителей по методике «Анализ семейных взаимоотношений» (Э. Г. Эйдемиллер, В. В. Юстицкис), диагностика компонентов нравственной сферы старших дошкольников по методике «Сюжетные картинки» (Р. Р. Калинина), а также экспертный опрос педагогов. Проведенное исследование позволило убедиться в том, что характеристики нравственной сферы личности старших дошкольников обусловлены особенностями взаимоотношений в их семьях: отвержение ребенка, гипопротекция или недостаток внимания со стороны родителей, отсутствие обязанностей у ребенка негативно сказывается на развитии нравственной сферы старших дошкольников, в особенности на характеристиках когнитивного и эмоцио­нального компонентов. Выяснилось, что более трети детей имеют низкий уровень развития эмоционального компонента нравственной сферы (низкий уровень развития эмпатии). Наиболее распространенными типами негармоничного воспитания являются «минимальность санкций» и «недостаточность требований-запретов». Экспертный опрос показал, что ярче выражены в поведении детей такие качества, как вежливость, правдивость и щед­рость, а менее всего развиты — терпимость, трудолюбие, сострадание. Обнаружен разрыв между усвоением нравственных норм и их выражением в поведении старших дошкольников. Исследование показывает необходимость психолого-­педагогической поддержки родителей в вопросах выстраивания взаимоотношений с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста, углубления и расширения эмоциональной компетентности и культуры родителей в области нравственного развития ребенка.

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Keywords

morality; moral sphere; preschooler; family education; types of inharmonious education, нравственность; нравственная сфера; дошкольник; семейное воспитание; типы негармоничного воспитания

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold