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La Revue de Médecine Interne
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Maladies auto-inflammatoires associées à l’IL-18

Authors: Mertz, Philippe; Hentgen, Véronique; Boursier, Guilaine; Elhani, Ines; Calas, Laure; Delon, Jerome; Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie;

Maladies auto-inflammatoires associées à l’IL-18

Abstract

Les maladies autoinflammatoires (MAI) sont caractérisées par des dysfonctionnements de l’immunité innée, entrainant une inflammation systémique avec des manifestations cliniques variées. Le champ des MAI s'est élargi grâce à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques et à l'avancée des techniques de génomique. Une nouvelle catégorie émergente de MAI se caractérise par une élévation importante de l'interleukine 18 (IL-18), une cytokine pro-inflammatoire synthétisée dans les macrophages et activée par la caspase 1 via différents inflammasomes, jouant un rôle dans la régulation de l'immunité innée et adaptative. L'IL-18 est impliquée dans de nombreuses fonctions, notamment la prolifération, la survie et la différenciation des cellules immunitaires, l'infiltration tissulaire des cellules immunitaires, la polarisation des réponses immunitaires, et la production d'autres cytokines pro-inflammatoires. Cet article propose une synthèse de la littérature sur l’IL-18, ses fonctions et son implication dans le diagnostic et le traitement des MAI. Les MAI associées à une élévation de l'IL-18 comprennent la maladie de Still, les maladies associées à des mutations de NLRC4, XIAP, CDC42, et PSTPIP1, ainsi que les déficits en IL-18BP. En dehors des maladies associées à PSTPIP1, ces maladies présentent toutes un risque de syndrome d’activation macrophagique. Le dosage de l'IL-18 dans le sérum peut être utile pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi de ces maladies. Des thérapies ciblant l'IL-18 et ses voies de signalisation sont actuellement en cours d'étude.

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are conditions characterized by dysfunction of innate immunity, causing systemic inflammation and various clinical symptoms. The field of AIDs has expanded due to improved comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms and advancements in genomics techniques. A new emerging category of AIDs is characterized by a significant increase in interleukin 18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesized in macrophages and activated by caspase 1 via various inflammasomes. IL-18 plays a role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. IL-18 is involved in various functions, such as the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of immune cells, tissue infiltration of immune cells, polarization of immune responses, and production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review analyzes the literature on IL-18 regarding its functions and its implications in the diagnosis and treatment of AIDs. IL-18-associated AIDs comprise Still's disease and diseases associated with mutations in NLRC4, XIAP, CDC42, and PSTPIP1, as well as IL-18BP deficiencies. With the exception of PSTPIP1-associated diseases, these conditions all carry a risk of macrophagic activation syndrome. Measuring IL-18 levels in serum can aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of these diseases. Therapies targeting IL-18 and its signaling pathways are currently under investigation.

Keywords

[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green