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N. V. Pokrovsky’s Concept of the Emergence of the Christian Basilica in the Context of Contemporary Research

Authors: Alexander Kopirovsky; Viktoriya Syagayeva;

N. V. Pokrovsky’s Concept of the Emergence of the Christian Basilica in the Context of Contemporary Research

Abstract

The article considers the emergence of the Christian basilica, contributing to the discussion originating in the late XV century. It outlines the principle approaches to resolving the discussion. The article contains detailed analysis of the late XIX century debate between professors N. V. Pokrovsky and N. F. Krasno seltsev summarising previous and partly anticipating future discussions on the subject. The article concludes that the points of view expressed by the two opponents (Pokrovsky associated the basilica forms with a house (ikos) remodelled to host worship services while Krasnoseltsev viewed these architectural forms as influenced by the Jerusalem Temple) should not be regarded as opposite but as highlighting various aspects and chronological stages of a single process. The article suggests an alternative sequencing of the stages noting, in particular, simultaneous occurrence of certain stages. The basis for this alternative sequencing is found in the absence of a discernible transition from private and public Christian basilicas to imperial basilicas, established as fully-fledged temples from the age of Emperor Constantine onwards. In conclusion, the article reviews Pokrovskys concept in the context of the ongoing ecclesiastical architecture crisis resulting from the focus being placed exclusively on sacro-symbolic temple forms, as described in H. Sedlmayrs works. The concept, which suggests seeking a new temple appearance primarily by adapting the home interior to small community worship is deemed substantially more productive for the purpose of overcoming the crisis than imitating period architecture or creating arbitrary forms.

Статья поднимает проблему происхождения христианской базилики, впервые поставленную в конце XV в. Выявлены основные подходы к решению этой проблемы. Подробно проанализирована полемика между профессорами Н. В. Покровским и Н. Ф. Красносельцевым, имевшая место в конце XIX в., поскольку в ней были подведены итоги предшествующих дискуссий и отчасти предвосхищались дискуссии более поздние. Делается вывод, что позиции оппонентов (Покровский связывал формы базилики с частным домом-икосом, перестроенным для богослужений Красносельцев с влиянием на эти формы архитектуры иерусалимского храма) следует рассматривать не как противоположные, а как акцентирующие различные стороны и хронологические этапы единого процесса. Предлагаются коррективы в определении последовательности этих этапов, в частности, отмечается одновременность некоторых из них. Основание для корректив связывается с отсутствием явно видимого перехода от частных и общественных христианских базилик к имперским, ставших храмами в полном смысле этого слова, начиная с эпохи императора Константина и далее. В заключение статьи концепция Покровского рассматривается в контексте современного кризиса церковной архитектуры, обусловленного ориентацией исключительно на ее сакрально-символические храмовые формы и описанного в работах Х. Зедльмайра. Эта концепция, предполагающая поиск нового образа храма прежде всего через переустройство домашнего интерьера для богослужения в небольшой общине, признается значительно более плодотворной для преодоления кризиса, чем стилизация под архитектуру предшествующего времени или произвольное формотворчество.

№33 (2020)

Keywords

дом-икос, Jerusalem Temple, Christian basilica, христианская базилика, house (ikos), contemporary ecclesiastical architecture, jerusalem temple, базилики константина, pokrovsky, Constantine’s basilicas, emergence, базилики Константина, покровский, происхождение, christian basilica, храм, Pokrovsky, красносельцев, Красносельцев, Покровский, Religion (General), иерусалимский храм, conastantine's basilicas, BL1-50, krasnoseltsev, Krasnoseltsev, архитектура, современная церковная архитектура

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold