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https://dx.doi.org/10.24412/20...
Research . 2021
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Метафора «конструирование» в социальных исследованиях науки: классификация и интерпретация

The Metaphor of “Construction” in the Social Research of Science: Classification and Interpretation

Метафора «конструирование» в социальных исследованиях науки: классификация и интерпретация

Abstract

Метафора «конструирование» широко используется в философских, социологических и исторических исследованиях, но по-разному: процессы конструирования различаются в зависимости от типов объектов, которые могут быть сконструированы. В последние двадцать лет в российских исследованиях конструктивизм рассматривается в различных вариантах, но иногда неясно, что именно он утверждает, что он конструирует и как эти подходы соотносятся с социологическими и философскими альтернативами. Неоднозначность понимания конструктивизма возникает именно потому, что термин «конструирование» имеет различные определения и характеристики, и даже в рамках одной работы эти термины привлекают внимание к различным типам явлений. В предлагаемой работе дается классификация использования метафоры конструирования и обзор идей, направлений и авторов, которых можно отнести к конструктивизму, в соответствии с предложенной классификацией. Конструктивизм стал полезным инструментом в дополнение к философским представлениям о науке и об анализе научной практики. В нашем обзоре приведены наиболее влиятельные исследования, которые теперь называют «классикой», а также примеры и перспективы использования метафоры конструирования в современных работах. Современные авторы акцентируют внимание на том, какое влияние социальное и культурное оказывает на развитие научного знания, что привело к появлению небольших тематических исследований.

The metaphor of “construction” is widely used in philosophical, sociological, and historical research, but in different ways: the processes of construction vary depending on the types of objects that can be constructed. In the last twenty years, Russian studies have considered constructivism in various ways, but it is sometimes unclear what exactly it claims, what it constructs, and how these approaches relate to sociological and philosophical alternatives. The ambiguity of understanding constructivism arises precisely because construction does not usually mean the same thing from one author to another, and even within the same work, these terms draw attention to different types of phenomena. This paper provides a classification of the use of the construction metaphor. Also this paper provides an overview of the ideas, trends and authors that can be attributed to constructivism in accordance with the proposed classification. Constructivism has become a useful tool in addition to philosophical ideas about science and the analysis of scientific practice. This review presents the most influential studies that are now called “classics”, as well as examples and prospects for using the construction metaphor in modern research. Current research focuses on the social and cultural impact on scientific knowledge and this has led to the creation of a number of small case studies.

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Keywords

конструктивизм, конструирование теорий., construction of artifacts, конструирование артефактов, конструирование представлений, construction of theories, construction of representations, construction of institutions, constructivism, sociology of science, социология науки, конструирование институтов, конструирование теорий

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green