In the emerging sixth generation (6G) communication network, energy harvesting (EH) is a promising technology to achieve the unlimited energy supply and hence makes the wireless communication systems self-sustainable in terms of energy. However, in practice, the efficiency of energy harvesting is often low due to the limited device capability. In this paper, we formulate three types of different EH architectures, i.e., the harvest-use architecture, the harvest-store-use architecture, and the harvest-use-store architecture from the perspective of energy storage efficiency. We propose resource allocation schemes to jointly design the sensor power and duty-cycle via an alternating optimization algorithm under the above EH architectures, in both simultaneous and non-simultaneous harvesting and utilization models, aiming at achieving a higher throughput and energy efficiency. Non-ideal circuit power is also considered. Numerical results show that our proposed schemes under EH architectures outperform the existing classic continuous transmission schemes.