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IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures

Authors: Warnett, Stephen John; Zdun, Uwe;

On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures

Abstract

Machine Learning Operations (MLOps) is the practice of streamlining and optimising the machine learning (ML) workflow, from development to deployment, using DevOps (software development and IT operations) principles and ML-specific activities. Architectural descriptions of MLOps systems often consist of informal textual descriptions and informal graphical system diagrams that vary considerably in consistency, quality, detail, and content. Such descriptions only sometimes follow standards or schemata and may be hard to understand. We aimed to investigate informal textual descriptions and informal graphical MLOps system architecture representations and compare them with semi-formal MLOps system diagrams for those systems. We report on a controlled experiment with sixty-three participants investigating the understandability of MLOps system architecture descriptions based on informal and semi-formal representations. The results indicate that the understandability (quantified by task correctness) of MLOps system descriptions is significantly greater using supplementary semi-formal MLOps system diagrams, that using semi-formal MLOps system diagrams does not significantly increase task duration (and thus hinder understanding), and that task correctness is only significantly correlated with task duration when semi-formal MLOps system diagrams are provided.

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Keywords

Controlled experiment, distributed system modelling, 102001 Artificial Intelligence, 102019 Machine learning, empirical study, 102001 Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Computer architecture, understandability, Systems architecture, 102025 Verteilte Systeme, Pipelines, 102022 Softwareentwicklung, MLOps, Software architecture, 102025 Distributed systems, 102022 Software development, empirical software engineering, machine learning, 102019 Machine Learning, Task analysis, distributed system architecture, Unified modeling language

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    popularity
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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid