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Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg
Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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Compositions with the euler and carmichael functions

Compositions with the Euler and Carmichael functions
Authors: William D. Banks; F. Saidak; nicĂ; P. StĂ; Florian Luca;

Compositions with the euler and carmichael functions

Abstract

Let \(\varphi\) and \(\lambda\) be the Euler and Carmichael functions, respectively. In this paper, the authors establish lower and upper bounds for the counting function of the set \(\mathcal A(x) = \{n\leq x\mid \varphi(\lambda(n))=\lambda(\varphi(n))\}\). The main results are the following: Theorem 1. There exist positive constants \(C\) and \(x_0\) such that the following bound holds for all \(x\geq x_0\): \[ \#\mathcal A(x)\geq \exp \left(C \frac{\log x}{\log\log x}\right). \] Theorem 2. The inequality \[ \#\mathcal A(x)\leq \frac{x}{(\log x)^{3/2+o(1)}} \] holds as \(x\to\infty\). They also study the normal order of the function \(\varphi(\lambda(n))/\lambda(\varphi(n))\). Theorem 3: The estimate \[ \frac{\varphi(\lambda(n))}{\lambda(\varphi(n))}=\exp\bigl((1+o(1))(\log\log n)^2\log\log\log n\bigr) \] holds on a set of positive integers \(n\) of asymptotic density one. In particular, one sees that \(\varphi(\lambda(n))\) is much larger than \(\lambda(\varphi(n))\) for almost all positive integers \(n\).

Keywords

Other results on the distribution of values or the characterization of arithmetic functions, Euler function, Carmichael function, positive integers, composition of Euler function and Carmichael function, normal order, Distribution of integers with specified multiplicative constraints, 510

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
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