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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
Data sources: Crossref
https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2022
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
Data sources: Datacite
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Errorless Robust JPEG Steganography Using Outputs of JPEG Coders

Authors: Butora, Jan; Puteaux, Pauline; Bas, Patrick;

Errorless Robust JPEG Steganography Using Outputs of JPEG Coders

Abstract

Robust steganography is a technique of hiding secret messages in images so that the message can be recovered after additional image processing. One of the most popular processing operations is JPEG recompression. Unfortunately, most of today's steganographic methods addressing this issue only provide a probabilistic guarantee of recovering the secret and are consequently not errorless. That is unacceptable since even a single unexpected change can make the whole message unreadable if it is encrypted. We propose to create a robust set of DCT coefficients by inspecting their behavior during recompression, which requires access to the targeted JPEG compressor. This is done by dividing the DCT coefficients into 64 non-overlapping lattices because one embedding change can potentially affect many other coefficients from the same DCT block during recompression. The robustness is then combined with standard steganographic costs creating a lattice embedding scheme robust against JPEG recompression. Through experiments, we show that the size of the robust set and the scheme's security depends on the ordering of lattices during embedding. We verify the validity of the proposed method with three typical JPEG compressors and the {\it Slack} instant messaging application. We benchmark its security for various embedding payloads, three different ways of ordering the lattices, and a range of Quality Factors. Finally, this method is errorless by construction, meaning the embedded message will always be readable.

13 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing

Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, recompression, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, JPEG, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), lattice embedding, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Multimedia (cs.MM), [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], robust steganography, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Computer Science - Multimedia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green