
This meta-analysis extends a previous review of the achievement effects of comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (Borman, Hewes, Overman, & Brown, 2003). That meta-analysis observed significant effects of well endowed and well-researched programs, but it did not account for race/ethnicity. This article synthesizes 34 cohort or quasi-experimental outcomes of studies that incorporated the policy-critical characteristic of race/ethnicity. Findings: compared with matched traditional schools, the black-white achievement gap narrowed significantly more among students in CSR schools. In addition, the aggregate effects were large, substantially to completely eliminating the achievement gap between African American and non-Hispanic white students in elementary and middle schools. Title I policies before or after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 seem to have had essentially no impact on the black-white achievement gap. Curricular and testing mandates along with the threat of sanctions without concomitant resource supports seem to have failed. This study suggests that educational achievement inequities need not be America’s destiny. It seems that they could be eliminated through concerted political will and ample resource commitments to evidence-based educational programs. Este meta-análisis extiende una revisión previa de los efectos de realización de programas de reforma escolar integral (RSI), (Borman, Hewes, Overman, & Brown, 2003). Esa meta-análisis observo efectos significativos de programas con buen financiamiento y debidamente investigados, pero no tomó en cuenta los factores raciales o étnicos. En este artículo se sintetizan 34 resultados de estudios de cohorte o cuasi-experimental que incorporaron la característica política esencial de raza/origen étnico. Resultados: en comparación con escuelas tradicionales, la brecha de rendimiento entre estudiantes blancos y negros se redujo significativamente mas en escuelas RSI. Además, los efectos agregados eran grandes, eliminando de forma sustancial o por completo la brecha de rendimiento entre estudiantes Africano- Americanos y los estudiantes blancos no hispanos, en escuelas primarias y secundarias. Las políticas del Título I, antes o después de la ley No Child Left Behind del año 2001 parecen no haber tenido ningún impacto en cuanto a la brecha académica de estudiantes negros y blancos. Los mandatos curriculares y de examinación junto con las amenazas de sanciones de reducir los recursos asignados parecen haber fracasado. Este estudio sugiere que las desigualdades de logros educativos no tienen por qué ser el destino de los estudiantes de los Estados Unidos. Parecería que la brecha de rendimiento puede eliminarse mediante una voluntad política concertada y empleando recursos suficiente apoyando las programas educativos basados en evidencias.
education policy, Title I, elementary schools, comprehensive school reform, L, Education, meta-analysis, academic achievement, racial differences, middle schools
education policy, Title I, elementary schools, comprehensive school reform, L, Education, meta-analysis, academic achievement, racial differences, middle schools
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