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Article . 2021
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RNA splicing modulation

Les approches thérapeutiques de modulation de l’épissage
Authors: Saoudi, Amel; Goyenvalle, Aurélie;

RNA splicing modulation

Abstract

Les avancées en recherches génétique et génomique ne cessent d’accroître nos connaissances des maladies héréditaires. Un nombre croissant de ces maladies relève d’épissages aberrants qui représentent des cibles idéales pour les approches correctives centrées sur l’ARN. De nouvelles stratégies, en particulier médicamenteuses, visant à exclure ou à ré-inclure des exons lors du processus d’épissage, ont ainsi émergé et plusieurs molécules ont récemment obtenu des autorisations de mise sur le marché, notamment pour le traitement de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne et de l’amyotrophie spinale, suscitant de plus en plus d’intérêt et d’espoir. Parmi ces molécules, les oligonucléotides antisens, ou ASO, ont connu un réel essor et font l’objet de progrès constants en matière de modifications chimiques et de conception. Toutefois, leur biodistribution après administration par voie générale demeure souvent limitée, et le développement de chimies alternatives plus performantes et de nouveaux systèmes d’adressage est devenu un axe de recherche très actif. En parallèle, l’utilisation de petites molécules présentant une excellente biodistribution, ou de vecteurs viraux pour véhiculer les séquences antisens, est également explorée. Dans cette Synthèse, nous présentons les dernières avancées de ces approches de modulation d’épissage à travers deux exemples de maladies neuromusculaires. Nous discutons de leurs avantages et des principales limitations actuelles.

Advances in genetic and genomic research continue to increase our knowledge of hereditary diseases, and an increasing number of them are being attributed to aberrant splicing, thus representing ideal targets for RNA modulation therapies. New strategies to skip or re-include exons during the splicing process have emerged and are now widely evaluated in the clinic. Several drugs have recently been approved in particular for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Among these molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, or ASOs, have gained increasing interest and have constantly been improved over the years through chemical modifications and design. However, their limited biodistribution following systemic administration still represents a major hurdle and the development of more potent alternative chemistries or new delivery systems has become a very active line of research in the past few years. In parallel, the use of small molecules with excellent biodistribution properties or of viral vectors to convey antisense sequences is also being investigated. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in splicing therapies through two examples of neuromuscular diseases and we discuss their main benefits and current limitations.

Country
France
Keywords

[SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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