This is the behavioral and fMRI dataset described in "Nurturing the mathematical brain: Home numeracy practices are associated with children’s neural responses to Arabic numerals". Because of anonymization concerns within the framework of EU privacy regulations (GDPR), we cannot provide raw MRI data. Therefore, the fMRI data consists of individual pre-processed volumes, normalized into the MNI template (see paper for details about the preprocessing pipeline). Anonymized behavioral data and first level analyses are also provided for each participant (SPM.mat file as well as beta, con, spmT, RPV and ResMS files). Finally, the PsychoPy implementation of the tasks is also provided. If you have any questions, please send an email to jerome.prado [at] univ-lyon1.fr. IMPORTANT: In accordance with EU privacy regulations, we ask that you sign and return a Data Use Agreement (DUA) before downloading the data. You can download the DUA here. Please, sign it and send it to jerome.prado [at] univ-lyon1.fr.