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doi: 10.5281/zenodo.9247
The study of the Smarandache concept in groupoids was initiated by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy . In her book and first paper on Smarandache concept in loops, she defined a Smarandache loop (S ¡ loop) as a loop with at least a subloop which forms a subgroup under the binary operation of the loop.
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