OPUS Work Package (WP) 1 - State-of-the-Art on an Ecosystem for Open Science conducted an analysis of initiatives and literature to reform research(er) assessment and incentivise and reward Open Science. This WP kicked off the OPUS project, with a view not only to landscaping content, but also to providing direct input to: Identification of incentives for Open Science (Rewards and Incentives for Researchers) – project WP2; Identification of metrics and indicators for Open Science (Rewards and Incentives for Researchers) – project WP3; Pilots to Implement and Monitor Open Science – project WP4. Within WP1, Task 1.2 ran a State-of-the-Art on Open Science Literature. This state-of-the-art on existing literature and recommendations to reform research(er) assessment and incentivise and reward Open Science was designed to support the development of interventions in WP2, of indicators and metrics in WP3 and of pilot action plans in WP4. Within this overall review, specific focus was placed on a review of Research(er) assessment and Open Science and incentives and rewards and Open Science Precarity of research careers and Open Science Gender equality and Open Science Industry practices and Open Science Trust and Open Science1. Deliverable 1.2 - Initial State of the Art on Open Science Literature has the overall objective to present the results of this landscaping, in order to provide an initial structured input to the project’s overall objective to “develop coordination and support measures to reform the assessment of research and researchers at Research Performing Organisations (RPOs) and Research Funding Organisations (RFOs) towards a system that incentivises and rewards researchers to practise Open Science”. This Deliverable, going beyond its original scope, not only reviews the literature but also takes a first step towards defining a framework to incentive and reward the transition to Open Science. This initial work will further evolve in subsequent work packages, through consultation and testing. The subsequent chapters of this deliverable are structured as follows: Chapter 2. Overall Methodology for Literature Review, looking at vocabulary and scope and at the approach towards the bibliographical analysis; Chapter 3. Incentives and Rewards for Open Science Chapter 4. Precarity and Open Science Chapter 5. Gender Equality and Open Science Chapter 6. Industry Practices and Open Science Chapter 7: Trust and Open Science Chapter 8: Conclusions and Input to WP2 (interventions) and WP3 (indicators and metrics) Chapter 9. Annexes and Bibliography