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The significance and dietary sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA in canine diet

Authors: Jacuńska, Weronika;

The significance and dietary sources of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA in canine diet

Abstract

Kwasy tłuszczowe (FA, fatty acids) stanowią główny materiał budulcowy, z którego organizm czerpie składniki strukturalne komórek, tkanek i narządów oraz do syntezy niektórych substancji biologicznie czynnych. Spośród nich długołańcuchowe kwasy tłuszczowe (LC–PUFA, long–chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) z rodziny n–3 są w ostatnich latach obiektem dużego zainteresowania. Wyniki wielu badań wykazały, że LC–PUFA m.in. pobudzają układ sercowo–naczyniowy, jak również pełnią kluczową rolę w rozwoju układu nerwowego podczas życia płodowego i we wczesnym wzroście. Macierzystą formą rodziny kwasów n–3 jest kwas linolenowy (ALA, C18:3 n–3), a bioaktywnymi formami jest kwas eikozapentaenowy (EPA; C20:5 n–3) oraz kwas dokozaheksaenowy (DHA; C22:6 n–3) oraz ich pochodne. Organizm psa nie posiada zdolności syntezy kwasu ALA. Z tego względu kwasy EPA i DHA muszą być dostarczane bezpośrednio z dietą psa. Ich głównym źródłem w diecie do tej pory są głównie tłuste ryby morskie. Niestety pogarszająca się sytuacja zasobów rybnych, czystości wód czy zmian klimatycznych skłania do poszukiwania dodatkowych możliwości pozyskania lub produkcji LC–PUFA DHA i EPA. Kwasy te wchodzą w skład lipidów występujących głownie wśród organizmów morskich i roślin, ale także mogą być one produkowane przez drożdże czy pleśnie. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie najważniejszych korzystnych działań kwasów EPA i DHA oraz powszechnych i niekonwencjonalnych ich źródeł występowania. Fatty acids (FA, fatty acids) are the main structural material that the body uses to derive structural components of cells, tissues and organs, and for the synthesis of certain biologically active substances. Among them, long–chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC–PUFA, long–chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) of the n–3 family have been the subject of much interest in recent years. The results of a number of studies have shown that LC–PUFAs, among other things, stimulate the cardiovascular system, as well as play a key role in the development of the nervous system during embryonic life and early growth. The parental form of the n–3 fatty acid family is linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n–3), and the bioactive forms are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n–3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n–3) and their derivatives. The dog's body does not have the ability to synthesize ALA acid. Therefore, EPA and DHA acids must be supplied directly from the dog's diet. Their main dietary sources to this day are mainly oily marine fish. Unfortunately, the deteriorating situation of fish stocks, water purity or climate change is prompting the search for additional options for obtaining or producing LC–PUFA DHA and EPA. These acids are part of lipids found mainly among marine organisms and plants, but they can also be produced by yeast or molds. This article aims to present the most important beneficial actions of EPA and DHA acids and the common and unconventional sources of their presence.

Keywords

kwas dokozaheksaenowy, kwas eikozapentaenowy, mikroalgi, ryby, żywienie, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, microalgae, fish, nutrition

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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