Table S1 (PDF file): Habitat quality scores for two high-gradient streams present in the private protected area Refugio de Ranitas Aldea del Viento, Los Pellines, Valdivia, Chile. Scores for 10 habitat parameters were determined using the visual-based habitat assessment protocol described by Barbour et al. (1999) for high-gradient streams. Parameters were measured at four points per stream, distributed evenly across a 250-m section. Habitat quality scores defined by Barbour et al. (1999) are coloured according to four condition categories (green = optimal, yellow = suboptimal, orange = marginal, red = poor). Insuetophrynus acarpicus individuals were only found in stream B. Literature search Barrio's frogs (xls file): Research publications about Barrio’s frogs published since the description of the species in 1970. Publications were searched using Web of Science and Google Scholar with the terms “Insuetophrynus” OR “Barrio’s frog”. We excluded species checklists or reviews that mentioned the species without providing novel information or analyses. In this file we provide the full list of articles, including bibliographic information. The search was performed on 7th August 2023.