This catalog presents adjustable stiffness, damping, and impedance elements. Adjustable impedance elements are machine elements consisting of a separately adjustable stiffness mechanism and damping mechanism. The selection catalog gives information about design space, standardized interfaces, degree of freedom, control possibilities, range of frequency, range of stiffness and damping, inertia, load range, displacement, working principle, used material, manufacturing technique, and manufacturing costs. Scientists or developers who are conducting their own research on adjustable impedance elements or who need specific impedance elements for their test benches will be supported in the selection of elements, their design, and their use by this catalog. Future developers of such elements can extend this catalog but must fill in the information on all criteria and adhere to the given standardized interfaces. Therefore, a description has been added of what elements can be added and how the catalog can be expanded.

{"references": ["Heyden, E.; Lindenmann, A.; Oltmann, J.; Bruchmueller, T.; Krause, D.; Matthiesen, S.: Adjustable Impedance Elements for Testing and Validation of System Components: Book of Abstracts. Symposium Lightweight Design in Product Development, 2018, pp. 44\u201346", "Heyden, E.; Lindenmann, A.; Matthiesen, S.; Krause, D.: Approach for Calibrated Measurement of the Frequency Response for Characterization of Compliant Interface Elements on Vibration Test Benches, Applied Sciences, 2021", "Heyden, E.; Hofmann, U.; Meboldt, M.; Krause, D.: A Compact Adjustable Hydraulic Damper with Symmetric High Load Behavior Enabled by Selective Laser Melting, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, SAGE, 2023", "Krause, D.; Gebhardt, N.: Methodical Development of Modular Product Families, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 2023", "Lindenmann, A.; Heyden, E.; Mas, V.; Krause, D.; Matthiesen, S.: Influence of friction bearings on the frequency response of a variable stiffness mechanism, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2022"]}

This work is contributed equally by all three authors. This research was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under proposal 399922375 and the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Div. II) under Grant No. 178689 (Funder ID: 10.13039/501100001711).