Repulsive gravity at large distances has been included in the universal solution of Einstein's equations by introducing a cosmological constant, which excludes the dark energy interpretation. For an external-coordinate-observer cosmological model, the big-bang singularity has been replaced by a granular primeval particle, and expansion is controlled by the velocity of light. Then problems inherent in the standard model do not arise, and no inflation phase is necessary. It is advantageous to truncate the graviton field at a maximum radius, which is related to proton dimensions through the ratio (e2/Gm2). This governs the onset of universal repulsion at around 7Gyr, in rough agreement with observations of Type Ia supernovae. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.